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History of the Jews in Pakistan
Jews were a small religious group in Pakistan.〔Weil, Shalva. 2010 'Pakistan'; in Norman A. Stillman (ed.)'' Encyclopedia of Jews in the Islamic World'', Leiden:Brill.〕 Various estimates suggest that there were about 1,000 Jews living in Karachi at the beginning of the twentieth century, mostly Bene Israel Jews from Maharashtra, India.〔Weil, Shalva. 'The Jews of Pakistan', in M.Avrum Erlich (ed.) ''Encyclopaedia of the Jewish Diaspora'', Santa Barbara, USA: ABC CLIO. 2008, (3: 1228-1230).〕 A smaller community of Jews also lived in Peshawar. The Bene Israel Jews of India were concentrated in Karachi.〔Weil, Shalva. "Jews of India" in Raphael Patai and Haya Bar Itzhak (eds.) ''Jewish Folklore and Traditions: A Multicultural Encyclopedia'', ABC-CLIO, Inc. 2013, (1: 255-258).〕 According to Bene Israel human rights lawyer, Levi M. Sankar, there are no indigenous Jews remaining in Pakistan.
==1881–1947==
According to the 1881 census, there were 153 Jews in Sindh province.〔W. W. Hunter, ''The Imperial Gazetteer of India,'' vol XII, Trubner and Co, London, 2nd edition, 1887. Online at: http://www.panhwar.net/rarebooks/The%20Imperial%20Gazetteer%20of%20India%20Vol%20XII%201887.pdf〕 By 1919, this figure had risen to about 650.〔Joan G. Roland, ''The Jewish Communities of India: Identity in a Colonial Era''Pg 149 Limited Preview : http://books.google.com/books?pg=PA149&lpg=PA149&dq=jews+karachi&sig=YzcQuJHDc7pllJ9pKs_lcxe2c_w&id=kHJccZ92IecC&ots=UATw6OEEDF&output=html〕 By 1947, there were about 1,500 Jews living in Sindh with the majority residing in Karachi. Most of these Jews were Bene Israel and they lived as tradesmen, artisans, poets, philosophers and civil servants.〔Weil, Shalva. 2009 'The Heritage and Legacy of Indian Jews' in Shalva Weil (ed.) ''India’s Jewish Heritage: Ritual, Art and Life-Cycle'', Mumbai: Marg Publications (published in 2002; 3rd edn. ), pp. 8-21.
Weil, Shalva. 2011 'Bene Israel', in Adele Berlin (Ed. in Chief) ''Oxford Dictionary of Jewish Religion'', 2nd edition, New York: Oxford University Press, 131.
Weil, Shalva. 2011 'Bene Israel' (616), in Judith Baskin (ed.)'' Cambridge Dictionary of Judaism and Jewish Culture'', New York: Cambridge University Press.〕
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